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현재 자기 실력을 체크해보는 진단고사입니다. Verbal Reasoning 한세트 (총 20문제 / 30분) 를 실제 시험 환경과 동일하게 컴퓨터로 풀어보고 “{(맞은갯수 – 6) X 2} + 130 ” 으로 계산해서 본인 현재 점수대를 알 수 있습니다.
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Question 1 of 26
1. Question
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices.
Fill all blanks in the way the best completes the text.
Investors are grateful that the attorney general has stepped in to pursue inquiries into the misfeasance in the financial markets, given that the regulators officially charged with policing the industry have been ______.
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Question 2 of 26
2. Question
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices.
Fill all blanks in the way the best completes the text.
The medical professor’s thesis — hardly new, but rarely _____ by a faculty member of his distinction — is that patients are more than the sum of the symptoms and systems.
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Question 3 of 26
3. Question
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices.
Fill all blanks in the way the best completes the text.
As Ellen Donkin explains, in 18th England, writing plays (i)_____ women. Even when the (ii)_______ meant that playwriting did not bring personal fame, the work nevertheless enabled them to present their own views to the public and offered the possibility of acquiring capital.
Blank (1) Blank (2) empowered use of a pseudonym overextended lack of a producer impressed poor remuneration Q. Select one entry for the Blank (1).
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Question 4 of 26
4. Question
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices.
Fill all blanks in the way the best completes the text.
As Ellen Donkin explains, in 18th England, writing plays (i)_____ women. Even when the (ii)_______ meant that playwriting did not bring personal fame, the work nevertheless enabled them to present their own views to the public and offered the possibility of acquiring capital.
Blank (1) Blank (2) empowered use of a pseudonym overextended lack of a producer impressed poor remuneration Q. Select one entry for the Blank (2).
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Question 5 of 26
5. Question
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices.
Fill all blanks in the way the best completes the text.
The museum’s compelling new architectural exhibition looks at 11 projects that around the world that have had major (i)_______ impacts despite modest budgets. It is part of (ii)______ in the museum’s architecture and designing the department, which in the past has championed that artistic value over its real-world consequences.
Blank (1) Blank (2) social an emphasis on theory aesthetic a shift in philosophy critical a rejection of pragmatism Q. Select one entry for the Blank (1).
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Question 6 of 26
6. Question
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices.
Fill all blanks in the way the best completes the text.
The museum’s compelling new architectural exhibition looks at 11 projects that around the world that have had major (i)_______ impacts despite modest budgets. It is part of (ii)______ in the museum’s architecture and designing the department, which in the past has championed that artistic value over its real-world consequences.
Blank (1) Blank (2) social an emphasis on theory aesthetic a shift in philosophy critical a rejection of pragmatism Q. Select one entry for the Blank (2).
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Question 7 of 26
7. Question
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices.
Fill all blanks in the way the best completes the text.
Within the culture as a whole, natural science has been so successful that the word “scientific” is used in (i)_______ manner; it is often assumed that to call something “scientific” is to imply that its reliability has been (ii)_______ by research whose results cannot reasonably be (iii)______.
Blank (1) Blank (2) Blank (3) an ironic maligned exaggerated a literal challenged anticipated an honorific established disputed Q. Select one entry for the Blank (1)
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Question 8 of 26
8. Question
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices.
Fill all blanks in the way the best completes the text.
Within the culture as a whole, natural science has been so successful that the word “scientific” is used in (i)_______ manner; it is often assumed that to call something “scientific” is to imply that its reliability has been (ii)_______ by research whose results cannot reasonably be (iii)______.
Blank (1) Blank (2) Blank (3) an ironic maligned exaggerated a literal challenged anticipated an honorific established disputed Q. Select one entry for the Blank (2)
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Question 9 of 26
9. Question
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices.
Fill all blanks in the way the best completes the text.
Within the culture as a whole, natural science has been so successful that the word “scientific” is used in (i)_______ manner; it is often assumed that to call something “scientific” is to imply that its reliability has been (ii)_______ by research whose results cannot reasonably be (iii)______.
Blank (1) Blank (2) Blank (3) an ironic maligned exaggerated a literal challenged anticipated an honorific established disputed Q. Select one entry for the Blank (3)
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Question 10 of 26
10. Question
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices.
Fill all blanks in the way the best completes the text.
The experimental theater company’s members know that their performances (i)_______ an audience, that they were dense and unpredictable and not always easy to digest. But none of the techniques used would be (ii)_______ anyone with an interest in music or films. Indeed, they would seem strange only to people who expected to see traditionally crafted plays. The actors therefore felt that theater critics’ derisive commentary showed only that the critics (iii) ________ the company’s work.
Blank (1) Blank (2) Blank (3) made demands on contemplated by lambasted had to command alien to exploited were sure to please intuitive for misunderstood Q. Select one entry for the Blank (1)
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Question 11 of 26
11. Question
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices.
Fill all blanks in the way the best completes the text.
The experimental theater company’s members know that their performances (i)_______ an audience, that they were dense and unpredictable and not always easy to digest. But none of the techniques used would be (ii)_______ anyone with an interest in music or films. Indeed, they would seem strange only to people who expected to see traditionally crafted plays. The actors therefore felt that theater critics’ derisive commentary showed only that the critics (iii) ________ the company’s work.
Blank (1) Blank (2) Blank (3) made demands on contemplated by lambasted had to command alien to exploited were sure to please intuitive for misunderstood Q. Select one entry for the Blank (2)
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Question 12 of 26
12. Question
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices.
Fill all blanks in the way the best completes the text.
The experimental theater company’s members know that their performances (i)_______ an audience, that they were dense and unpredictable and not always easy to digest. But none of the techniques used would be (ii)_______ anyone with an interest in music or films. Indeed, they would seem strange only to people who expected to see traditionally crafted plays. The actors therefore felt that theater critics’ derisive commentary showed only that the critics (iii) ________ the company’s work.
Blank (1) Blank (2) Blank (3) made demands on contemplated by lambasted had to command alien to exploited were sure to please intuitive for misunderstood Q. Select one entry for the Blank (3)
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Question 13 of 26
13. Question
Only an effective collaboration between filmmakers and art historians can create films that will enhance viewers’ perceptions of art. Filmmakers need to resist the impulse to move the camera quickly from detail to detail for fear of boring the viewer, to frame the image for the sake of drama alone, to add music for fear of silence. Filmmakers are aware that an art object demands concentration and, at the same time, are concerned that it may not be compelling enough―and so they hope to provide relief by interposing “real” scenes that bear only a tangential relationship to the subject. But a work of art needs to be explored on its own terms. On the other hand, art historians need to trust that one can indicate and analyze, not solely with words, but also by directing the viewer’s gaze. The specialized written language of art history needs to be relinquished or at least tempered for the screen.
Q. The passage suggests that a filmmaker desiring to enhance viewers‘ perceptions of art should do which of the following?
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Question 14 of 26
14. Question
Only an effective collaboration between filmmakers and art historians can create films that will enhance viewers’ perceptions of art. Filmmakers need to resist the impulse to move the camera quickly from detail to detail for fear of boring the viewer, to frame the image for the sake of drama alone, to add music for fear of silence. Filmmakers are aware that an art object demands concentration and, at the same time, are concerned that it may not be compelling enough―and so they hope to provide relief by interposing “real” scenes that bear only a tangential relationship to the subject. But a work of art needs to be explored on its own terms. On the other hand, art historians need to trust that one can indicate and analyze, not solely with words, but also by directing the viewer’s gaze. The specialized written language of art history needs to be relinquished or at least tempered for the screen.
Q. According to the passage, art historians desiring to work with filmmakers to enhance the public’s appreciation of art need to acknowledge which of the following?
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Question 15 of 26
15. Question
Historically, sociologists have presumed that people will attribute certain characteristics to a member of a particular group when it is generally believed that most members of that group possess the characteristics in question. For sociologists Hepburn and Locksley, such social stereotyping has led to the broader question of whether people are cognizant of their own stereotyping behavior. Seemingly, if one knows that one holds a stereotypical notion such as “all members of a certain ethnic group are natural musicians,” then one might also be aware that the notion that “a particular musician of that ethnic group is a great musician” is a corollary of that stereotype. However, people are most aware of their stereotyping when they have no information. When given information that conforms to their beliefs and the individual case observed, people become less aware of their tendency to stereotype and therefore more likely to engage in stereotyping.
Q. Which of the following best describes the function of the first sentence?
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Question 16 of 26
16. Question
Historically, sociologists have presumed that people will attribute certain characteristics to a member of a particular group when it is generally believed that most members of that group possess the characteristics in question. For sociologists Hepburn and Locksley, such social stereotyping has led to the broader question of whether people are cognizant of their own stereotyping behavior. Seemingly, if one knows that one holds a stereotypical notion such as “all members of a certain ethnic group are natural musicians,” then one might also be aware that the notion that “a particular musician of that ethnic group is a great musician” is a corollary of that stereotype. However, people are most aware of their stereotyping when they have no information. When given information that conforms to their beliefs and the individual case observed, people become less aware of their tendency to stereotype and therefore more likely to engage in stereotyping.
Q. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
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Question 17 of 26
17. Question
Geologists believe that one of the largest volcanic eruptions in human history occurred 74,000 years ago, the Toba supereruption. In one area, Middle Paleolithic tools of similar styles have been found and dated to closely before and after the Toba supereruption, indicating that the humans who lived after the supereruption were members of the population that had lived in that area prior to the eruption.
Q. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
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Question 18 of 26
18. Question
Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence,
fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.
One ______ is that so far, Web services have turned out to be much harder to deliver than their champions had hoped.
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Question 19 of 26
19. Question
Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence,
fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.
Asserting a need to preserve the __________ that became the hallmark of her predecessor’s tenure, the new director of Federal Monetary Policy refused to subscribe to rigid or mechanistic tules in policy making.
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Question 20 of 26
20. Question
Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence,
fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.
At first, most of the famous fairy tales seem so implausible and so irrelevant to contemporary life that their _________ is hard to understand.
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Question 21 of 26
21. Question
Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence,
fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.
Excessive focus on what might have been can cause in us feelings of restlessness and regret, but some scientists are beginning to think that fancying an alternative reality might have ________ effects as well.
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Question 22 of 26
22. Question
As people age, their cells become less efficient and less able to replace damaged components. At the same time their tissues stiffen. For example, the lungs and the heart muscle expand less successfully, the blood vessels become increasingly rigid, and the ligaments and tendons tighten.
Few investigators would attribute such diverse effects to a single cause. Nevertheless, researchers have discovered that a process long known to discolor and toughen foods may also contribute to age- related impairment of both cells and tissues. That process is nonenzymatic glycosylation, whereby glucose becomes attached to proteins without the aid of enzymes. When enzymes attach glucose to proteins (enzymatic glycosylation), they do so at a specific site on a specific protein molecule for a specific purpose. In contrast, the nonenzymatic process adds glucose haphazardly to any of several sites along any available peptide chain within a protein molecule.
This nonenzymatic glycosylation of certain proteins has been understood by food chemists for decades, although few biologists recognized until recently that the same steps could take place in the body. Nonenzymatic glycosylation begins when an aldehyde group (CHO) of glucose and an amino group (NH2) of a protein are attracted to each other. The molecules combine, forming what is called a Schiff base within the protein. This combination is unstable and quickly rearranges itself into a stabler, but still reversible, substance known as an Amadori product.
If a given protein persists in the body for months or years, some of its Amadori products slowly dehydrate and rearrange themselves yet again, into new glucose-derived structures. These can combine with various kinds of molecules to form irreversible structures named advanced glycosylation end products (AGE’s). Most AGE’s are yellowish brown and fluorescent and have specific spectrographic properties. More important for the body, many are also able to cross-link adjacent proteins, particularly ones that give structure to tissues and organs. Although no one has yet satisfactorily described the origin of all such bridges between proteins, many investigators agree that extensive cross-linking of proteins probably contributes to the stiffening and loss of elasticity characteristic of aging tissues.
In an attempt to link this process with the development of cataracts (the browning and clouding of the lens of the eye as people age), researchers studied the effect of glucose on solutions of purified crystallin, the major protein in the lens of the eye. Glucose-free solutions remained clear, but solutions with glucose caused the proteins to form clusters, suggesting that the molecules had become cross-linked. The clusters diffracted light, making the solution opaque. The researchers also discovered that the pigmented cross-links in human cataracts have the brownish color and fluorescence characteristic of AGE’s. These data suggest that nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens crystallins may contribute to cataract formation.
Q. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of Amadori products in proteins?
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Question 23 of 26
23. Question
As people age, their cells become less efficient and less able to replace damaged components. At the same time their tissues stiffen. For example, the lungs and the heart muscle expand less successfully, the blood vessels become increasingly rigid, and the ligaments and tendons tighten.
Few investigators would attribute such diverse effects to a single cause. Nevertheless, researchers have discovered that a process long known to discolor and toughen foods may also contribute to age- related impairment of both cells and tissues. That process is nonenzymatic glycosylation, whereby glucose becomes attached to proteins without the aid of enzymes. When enzymes attach glucose to proteins (enzymatic glycosylation), they do so at a specific site on a specific protein molecule for a specific purpose. In contrast, the nonenzymatic process adds glucose haphazardly to any of several sites along any available peptide chain within a protein molecule.
This nonenzymatic glycosylation of certain proteins has been understood by food chemists for decades, although few biologists recognized until recently that the same steps could take place in the body. Nonenzymatic glycosylation begins when an aldehyde group (CHO) of glucose and an amino group (NH2) of a protein are attracted to each other. The molecules combine, forming what is called a Schiff base within the protein. This combination is unstable and quickly rearranges itself into a stabler, but still reversible, substance known as an Amadori product.
If a given protein persists in the body for months or years, some of its Amadori products slowly dehydrate and rearrange themselves yet again, into new glucose-derived structures. These can combine with various kinds of molecules to form irreversible structures named advanced glycosylation end products (AGE’s). Most AGE’s are yellowish brown and fluorescent and have specific spectrographic properties. More important for the body, many are also able to cross-link adjacent proteins, particularly ones that give structure to tissues and organs. Although no one has yet satisfactorily described the origin of all such bridges between proteins, many investigators agree that extensive cross-linking of proteins probably contributes to the stiffening and loss of elasticity characteristic of aging tissues.
In an attempt to link this process with the development of cataracts (the browning and clouding of the lens of the eye as people age), researchers studied the effect of glucose on solutions of purified crystallin, the major protein in the lens of the eye. Glucose-free solutions remained clear, but solutions with glucose caused the proteins to form clusters, suggesting that the molecules had become cross-linked. The clusters diffracted light, making the solution opaque. The researchers also discovered that the pigmented cross-links in human cataracts have the brownish color and fluorescence characteristic of AGE’s. These data suggest that nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens crystallins may contribute to cataract formation.
Q. Which of the following best describes the function of the third paragraph of the passage?
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Question 24 of 26
24. Question
As people age, their cells become less efficient and less able to replace damaged components. At the same time their tissues stiffen. For example, the lungs and the heart muscle expand less successfully, the blood vessels become increasingly rigid, and the ligaments and tendons tighten.
Few investigators would attribute such diverse effects to a single cause. Nevertheless, researchers have discovered that a process long known to discolor and toughen foods may also contribute to age- related impairment of both cells and tissues. That process is nonenzymatic glycosylation, whereby glucose becomes attached to proteins without the aid of enzymes. When enzymes attach glucose to proteins (enzymatic glycosylation), they do so at a specific site on a specific protein molecule for a specific purpose. In contrast, the nonenzymatic process adds glucose haphazardly to any of several sites along any available peptide chain within a protein molecule.
This nonenzymatic glycosylation of certain proteins has been understood by food chemists for decades, although few biologists recognized until recently that the same steps could take place in the body. Nonenzymatic glycosylation begins when an aldehyde group (CHO) of glucose and an amino group (NH2) of a protein are attracted to each other. The molecules combine, forming what is called a Schiff base within the protein. This combination is unstable and quickly rearranges itself into a stabler, but still reversible, substance known as an Amadori product.
If a given protein persists in the body for months or years, some of its Amadori products slowly dehydrate and rearrange themselves yet again, into new glucose-derived structures. These can combine with various kinds of molecules to form irreversible structures named advanced glycosylation end products (AGE’s). Most AGE’s are yellowish brown and fluorescent and have specific spectrographic properties. More important for the body, many are also able to cross-link adjacent proteins, particularly ones that give structure to tissues and organs. Although no one has yet satisfactorily described the origin of all such bridges between proteins, many investigators agree that extensive cross-linking of proteins probably contributes to the stiffening and loss of elasticity characteristic of aging tissues.
In an attempt to link this process with the development of cataracts (the browning and clouding of the lens of the eye as people age), researchers studied the effect of glucose on solutions of purified crystallin, the major protein in the lens of the eye. Glucose-free solutions remained clear, but solutions with glucose caused the proteins to form clusters, suggesting that the molecules had become cross-linked. The clusters diffracted light, making the solution opaque. The researchers also discovered that the pigmented cross-links in human cataracts have the brownish color and fluorescence characteristic of AGE’s. These data suggest that nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens crystallins may contribute to cataract formation.
Q. The passage suggests that which of the following would be LEAST important in determining whether nonenzymatic glycosylation is likely to have taken place in the proteins of a particular tissue?
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Question 25 of 26
25. Question
As people age, their cells become less efficient and less able to replace damaged components. At the same time their tissues stiffen. For example, the lungs and the heart muscle expand less successfully, the blood vessels become increasingly rigid, and the ligaments and tendons tighten.
Few investigators would attribute such diverse effects to a single cause. Nevertheless, researchers have discovered that a process long known to discolor and toughen foods may also contribute to age- related impairment of both cells and tissues. That process is nonenzymatic glycosylation, whereby glucose becomes attached to proteins without the aid of enzymes. When enzymes attach glucose to proteins (enzymatic glycosylation), they do so at a specific site on a specific protein molecule for a specific purpose. In contrast, the nonenzymatic process adds glucose haphazardly to any of several sites along any available peptide chain within a protein molecule.
This nonenzymatic glycosylation of certain proteins has been understood by food chemists for decades, although few biologists recognized until recently that the same steps could take place in the body. Nonenzymatic glycosylation begins when an aldehyde group (CHO) of glucose and an amino group (NH2) of a protein are attracted to each other. The molecules combine, forming what is called a Schiff base within the protein. This combination is unstable and quickly rearranges itself into a stabler, but still reversible, substance known as an Amadori product.
If a given protein persists in the body for months or years, some of its Amadori products slowly dehydrate and rearrange themselves yet again, into new glucose-derived structures. These can combine with various kinds of molecules to form irreversible structures named advanced glycosylation end products (AGE’s). Most AGE’s are yellowish brown and fluorescent and have specific spectrographic properties. More important for the body, many are also able to cross-link adjacent proteins, particularly ones that give structure to tissues and organs. Although no one has yet satisfactorily described the origin of all such bridges between proteins, many investigators agree that extensive cross-linking of proteins probably contributes to the stiffening and loss of elasticity characteristic of aging tissues.
In an attempt to link this process with the development of cataracts (the browning and clouding of the lens of the eye as people age), researchers studied the effect of glucose on solutions of purified crystallin, the major protein in the lens of the eye. Glucose-free solutions remained clear, but solutions with glucose caused the proteins to form clusters, suggesting that the molecules had become cross-linked. The clusters diffracted light, making the solution opaque. The researchers also discovered that the pigmented cross-links in human cataracts have the brownish color and fluorescence characteristic of AGE’s. These data suggest that nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens crystallins may contribute to cataract formation.
Q. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT characteristic of enzymatic glycosylation of proteins? (Multiple choice)
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Question 26 of 26
26. Question
Critic: It is common to argue that there is a distinction between “literary” and “genre” fiction. The first should be interpreted, so this argument goes, while the second is merely a source of easy pleasure. But this is a specious distinction-not because every work should be interpreted, but because no work should be. When we evaluate a work principally for its themes and ideas, we cut ourselves off from the work’s emotional impact.
Q. Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played by the BOLDFACE?