This question is to assess your logical reasoning skills. You can either choose “synonym” or “antonym” to indicate the relationship between (1) and (2).

The fact that (1)____ does not mean that (2)____

This question is to assess your logical reasoning skills. You can either choose “synonym” or “antonym” to indicate the relationship between (1) and (2).

S is not (1)_____; on the contrary, (2)________

This question is to assess your logical reasoning skills. You can either choose “synonym” or “antonym” to indicate the relationship between (1) and (2) and the relationship between (2) and (3).

S is (1)____, but despite (2)______, S is (3)_______.

This question is to assess your logical reasoning skills. You can either choose “synonym” or “antonym” to indicate the relationship between (1) and (2).

While S is (1)______, S stopped short of (2)______

This question is to assess your logical reasoning skills. You can either choose “synonym” or “antonym” to indicate the relationship between (1) and (2) and the relationship between (2) and (3).

Despite (1)_____, S is neither (2)____ nor (3)_____.

Q. Select the two answer choices that fit the meaning of the Korean word given.

예민한

Q. Select the two answer choices that fit the meaning of the Korean word given.

편견의

Q. Select the two answer choices that fit the meaning of the Korean word given.

외래의 (<->토착의)

Q. Select the two answer choices that fit the meaning of the Korean word given.

칭찬

Q. Select the two answer choices that fit the meaning of the Korean word given.

사실의

Constant variations in the amount of sunlight available on Earth at any given location make energy storage a necessary design feature of terrestrial solar-energy systems. For systems transforming solar to thermal energy, the thermal energy may be stored in matter as either latent heat or sensible heat. Latent heat is absorbed or released whenever matter changes phase, as when matter changes from liquid to gas, for example, or from gas to liquid. Large heat capacities are associated with certain materials, like salts, but in any substance this storage is available only at the unique fixed temperature at which the particular phase transition occurs in that substance. Moreover, materials that have transitions at the temperatures that terrestrial solar-energy systems are likely to encounter are usually destructively corrosive at those temperatures. The storage of sensible heat, on the other hand, allows flexibility as to temperature, in addition, safe substances like water and most rocks have large sensible heat capacities.

Q. The primary purpose of the passage is to discuss which of the following?

To early ethologists, the major driving force in behavior was instinct, behaviors that are inherited and unchangeable. Moths move toward light because they inherit the mechanism to so respond to light. Although dogs have more options available to them, they bark at strangers for much the same reasons. The comparative behaviorists disagreed: learning and rewards are more important factors than instinct in animal behavior. Geese are not born with the ability to retrieve lost eggs when they roll out of the nest, they learn to do so. If their behavior seems sometimes silly to humans because it fails to take new conditions into account, that is because the animal’s ability to learn is limited. There were too many examples of behaviors modified by experience for comparative behaviorists to put their faith in instincts.

Q. According to paragraph, why did comparative behaviorists believe that their view of instinct in animal behavior was correct?

[1] The most dramatic and obvious cause of the Depression was the collapse of the stock market in 1929. [2] During the prosperous years between 1925 and 1929, stock market prices rose about 300 percent. [3] By 1929, over a million stock buyers were forcing prices to rise much faster than corporate profits. [4] It was a process that could not continue indefinitely. [5] In one terrible month, starting of October 24, 1929 (now known as Black Thursday), prices on the New York Stock Exchange alone fell in value about $ 26 billion) a decline of 9 percent, and prices proceeded downward for another two and a half years until by 1932 the stock market had lost nearly 90 percent of its value. It seems safe to assert that the enormous loss of wealth by individuals and institutions played a major role in the subsequent failure of the United States economy.

Q. Where could the following sentence be added to the passage?

The crash had been preceded by a long period of sustained growth in the market.

The parasites and fungi that make life miserable for swallows and other social creatures demonstrate that if sociality is to evolve, the assorted costs of living together must be outweighed by compensatory benefits. Cliff swallows may join others to take advantages of the improved foraging that comes from following companions to good feeding sites, while other animals, such as male emperor penguins, save thermal energy by huddling shoulder to shoulder during the brutal Antarctic winter. Still others, such as lionesses, join forces to fend off enemies of their own species.

Q. Which of the following is NOT identified in paragraph as a need that some animals can better satisfy when they live with other members of their species?

The fact that Black people in the English colonies of North America were never treated as the equals of White people has important ramifications. If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery in the 1660‘s should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including Oscar and Mary Handlin have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harsher treatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America—such as a Roman conception of slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality—explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lack of something. A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.

Q. The passage suggests that the existence of a Roman conception of slavery in Spanish and Portuguese colonies had the effect of

The 1960′s witnessed two profound social movements: the civil rights movement and the movement protesting the war in Vietnam. Although they overlapped in time, they were largely distinct. For a brief moment in 1967, however, it appeared that the two movements might unite under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. King’s role in the antiwar movement appears to require little explanation, since he was the foremost advocate of nonviolence of his time. But King’s stance on the Vietnam War cannot be explained in terms of pacifism alone. After all, he was something of a latecomer to the antiwar movement, even though by 1965 he was convinced that the role of the United States in the war was indefensible. Why then the two years that passed before he translated his private misgivings into public dissent? Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.

Q. The author supports the claim that King’s stance on the Vietnam War cannot be explained in terms of pacifism alone by implying which of the following?

Our terrestrial food supply comes from ecosystems transformed to produce a few comestible species through the removal of competitors, predators, and pests, but marine capture fisheries depend on the overall productivity of natural ecosystems. There is, however, increasing concern about the impact of fishing and other human activities on marine ecosystems, which are now far from pristine. One option for moving toward both biodiversity and terrestrial food supply goals is to produce greater yields from less land, thereby freeing land for conservation purposes. By contrast, the objective of maintaining or resorting the biodiversity of marine ecosystems may conflict with the objective of maintaining or increasing our food supply from the sea, since the level of fishing required to achieve the latter may compromise the former.

Q. What does “the latter” refer to?

It is sad indeed that much of what those ancient geographers wrote has been lost over time, but what has survived is of enormous interest. From fragments of Greek and Roman writing, we know about how wide and fast flowing the rivers were, the activity of some  now quiet volcanoes, and the density of vegetation in places where there is none today. Unfortunately, after the Romans carried geography so far forward, Europe descended into the Dark Ages, and geography, along with science in general, did not advance. For thousand years, geographic learning in the Arab realm and in China progressed far beyond that in Europe Little of what was achieved by Arab or Chinese scholars was added to European knowledge on the subject, however.

Q. Which of the following is true about the geographic documents?

In an expanding universe, the galaxies move away from each other, spreading matter more thinly over space. On the other hand, the perfect cosmological principle required that the density of matter in the universe remain constant over time. To make the steady- state theory compatible with the expanding universe, its proponents introduced the notion of continuous creation. As the universe expands and the galaxies move farther apart, new matterᅳ in the form of hydrogenᅳis introduced into the universe. The rate at which the hypothesized new matter is created is too far for this creation to be detected with available instruments, but continuous creation provides just enough matter to form new stars and galaxies that fill in the space left by the old ones. Thus in the steady-state universe there is evolution of stars and galaxies, but the general character and the overall density of the universe remains unchanged over time. In this special sense, the steady-state universe itself does not evolve.

Q. Which of the following is true of the steady-state theory?

 In the middle of the twelfth century B.C., there were still a few places in Greece where the palaces of the previous period survived. But these signs of economic and cultural vitality soon fade from the archaeological record. By the early eleventh century B.C., the Greek world had settled into its Dark Age, a period of steep decline and slow recovery that lasted until the eighth century B.C. During those obscure centuries, new social and political patterns were formed, out of which would emerge, in the eighth century, a new type of political organization, the city-state.

Q. Choose the equivalent sentence containing essential information to the highlighted sentence. Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.